Day 23 – Purchase Book, Purchase Return & Debit Note

50 Days Accounting Challenge by CA Devesh Thakur

Accounting sirf journal entries ya theory ka subject nahi hai — yeh business transactions ko systematically record karne ka science hai.
Day 23 me hum cover karenge:

• Purchase Book (Purchases Journal)
• Difference between Purchase Book & Purchase Account
• Purchase Return (Return Outward)
• Debit Note (Concept + Practical Use)
• Journal Entries with narration (December 2025 examples)

Ye topic Class 11 ke foundation ke liye bhi bahut important hai aur future GST & accounting understanding ke liye bhi.

1. Purchase Book (Purchases Journal)

Meaning (Hindi–English Mix)

Purchase Book ek subsidiary book hai jisme sirf credit purchase of goods record ki jaati hai.

✔ Goods ka matlab → resale ke liye kharide gaye items
✔ Credit purchase → payment baad me karni hai

❌ Cash purchase include nahi hoti
❌ Asset purchase (machine, furniture, computer) include nahi hota

👉 Simple words me:
“Jab hum udhaar par maal kharidte hain, uska record Purchase Book me hota hai.”

Format of Purchase Book

Date	Supplier Name	Invoice No.	Details	Amount (₹)

Illustration (December 2025)

5 December 2025 ko Sharma Traders se credit par goods kharide ₹40,000

Date	Supplier Name	Invoice No.	Details	Amount
05-12-25	Sharma Traders	ST/145	Goods purchased	40,000

Journal Entry (Posted from Purchase Book)

Purchases A/c        Dr.   40,000

   To Sharma Traders A/c        40,000

Narration:
(Being goods purchased on credit from Sharma Traders)

2. Difference Between Purchase Book & Purchase Account

Basis	Purchase Book	Purchase Account
Nature	Subsidiary Book	Ledger Account
Purpose	Day-to-day credit purchases	Total purchases summary
Entries	Individual supplier-wise	One total figure
Balance	No balance	Appears in Trial Balance
Relation	Source book	Final posting

👉 Purchase Book se data jaakar Purchase Account me post hota hai

3. Purchase Return (Return Outward)

Meaning (Hindi–English Mix)

Jab buyer (hum) supplier ko goods wapas bhejte hain, use Purchase Return kehte hain.
Isse Return Outward bhi kaha jaata hai.

👉 Matlab:
“Maal pasand nahi aaya ya kharab tha, isliye supplier ko wapas bhej diya.”

Common Reasons for Purchase Return

• Goods damaged
• Quality not as per sample
• Wrong goods supplied
• Excess quantity delivered

Format – Purchase Return Book

Date	Supplier Name	Debit Note No.	Details	Amount (₹)

Illustration (December 2025)

10 December 2025 ko Sharma Traders ko ₹6,000 ke goods return kiye

Date	Supplier Name	Debit Note No.	Details	Amount
10-12-25	Sharma Traders	DN/12	Goods returned	6,000

Journal Entry for Purchase Return

Sharma Traders A/c     Dr.   6,000

   To Purchase Return A/c        6,000

Narration:
(Being goods returned to Sharma Traders)

4. Debit Note – Concept & Practical Meaning

What is a Debit Note?

Debit Note ek document hai jo buyer supplier ko issue karta hai jab:

• Goods return kiye jaate hain
• Supplier ne extra charge kiya ho
• Quality defective ho

Simple language me:

“Supplier ko batana ki aapka bill itne amount se kam ho gaya hai.”

Who Issues Debit Note?

✔ Buyer issues Debit Note
✔ Seller issues Credit Note (opposite case)

Format – Debit Note (Simple)

Debit Note No: DN/12
Date: 10-12-2025

Particulars	Amount (₹)
Goods returned	6,000

Accounting Effect of Debit Note

• Supplier ka account debit hota hai
• Purchase Return account credit hota hai
• Liability reduce hoti hai

5. Combined Practical Summary (December 2025)

1. Credit purchase recorded in Purchase Book
2. Total posted to Purchase Account
3. Goods returned recorded in Purchase Return Book
4. Debit Note issued to supplier
5. Journal entries passed with narration

👉 Ye hi real business accounting flow hai.

6. One-Line Exam Ready Points

• Purchase Book records credit purchases of goods only
• Purchase Account shows total purchases
• Purchase Return means goods returned to supplier
• Debit Note is issued by buyer

Final Words – CA Devesh Thakur

Ye topic sirf exam ke liye nahi, balki real business, GST returns, and ledger management ke liye bhi foundation hai.
Agar ye concept strong ho gaya, to accounting aasan ho jaati hai.