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Accounting Basics for Beginners Day 18 of 50 days accounting challenge

Devesh Thakur
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Accounting Basics for Beginners Day 18 of 50 days accounting challenge
How to Prepare Ledger Accounts for Purchases, Cash & Creditors Day 18 Accounting Challenge
Ledger Part 4 — Purchase Example | Day 18 | CA Devesh Thakur
📖 Day 18 · 50 Days Accounting Challenge

Ledger — Part 4

Purchase Example · Cash A/c · Purchases A/c · Creditors A/c (Ramesh Traders) — Full Posting & Balancing

by CA Devesh Thakur
📅 Series: Day 18 of 50 📗 Topic: Ledger Part 4 — Purchase Practical 🌐 etaxsave.com
Home› Blog› 50 Days Accounting Challenge — Day 18

📝 Handwritten Class Note

CA Devesh Thakur’s handwritten note for Day 18 — save it for quick revision!

Day 18 Handwritten Note — Ledger Part 4 Purchase Example by CA Devesh Thakur

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Reel
Day 18 — Ledger Part 4 Purchase Example
@cadeveshthakur.official
3 accounts ek saath — Cash A/c, Purchases A/c aur Creditors A/c — purchase example ke saath puri Ledger posting seekho! 📒🔥
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Ledger Part 4 — 3 Accounts Ek Saath! 🏪

Aaj Day 18 mein hum ek Purchase Example lete hain jisme 3 different Ledger Accounts ek saath affect hote hain — Cash A/c (kitna paisa aaya/gaya), Purchases A/c (kitni goods kharidi gayi), aur Creditors A/c / Ramesh Traders A/c (kitna paisa suppliers ko dena hai). Ek hi transaction se multiple accounts mein posting hoti hai — yahi Double Entry ka jadoo hai! Teeno accounts ko ek saath dekhne se clarity aati hai ki har entry dono taraf kaise kaam karti hai.

📌 3 Accounts — Kya Track Karte Hain?

💵

Cash A/c

Real Account

Kitna paisa aaya aur kitna gaya — har cash movement yahan track hoti hai.

Dr. = Cash IN | Cr. = Cash OUT

📦

Purchases A/c

Nominal Account

Kitni goods kharidi gayi — cash mein ya credit mein — sab purchases yahan record hoti hain.

Always Dr. — Purchases hamesha Debit

🤝

Creditors A/c

Personal Account (Ramesh Traders)

Kitna paisa Suppliers ko dena hai — credit purchase ke baad liability track hoti hai.

Cr. = Liability badhti hai | Dr. = Payment hoti hai

📋 Step 1 — Journal Transactions (April)

Date Transaction Amount (₹) Type
Apr 2 Purchased goods for Cash 20,000 Cash Purchase
Apr 5 Purchased goods on Credit from M/s Ramesh Traders 30,000 Credit Purchase
Apr 12 Paid part payment to Ramesh Traders by Cash 10,000 Payment to Creditor

✍️ Journal Entries — All 3 Transactions

1

Apr 2 — Purchased Goods for Cash ₹20,000

Cash purchase — Purchases A/c Dr., Cash A/c Cr.

2 Apr
Logic: Goods aaye (Purchases A/c Dr. — Nominal, Expense) aur Cash gaya (Cash A/c Cr. — Real, asset kam hua).
Purchases A/c = Nominal → Expense → Debit
Cash A/c = Real → Asset decrease → Credit
Cash A/c: Cr. side → “By Purchases A/c ₹20,000” | Purchases A/c: Dr. side → “To Cash A/c ₹20,000”
ParticularsL.F.Dr. (₹)Cr. (₹)
Purchases A/c Nominal20,000—
Cash A/c Real—20,000
(Being goods purchased for cash — goods Cash se kharida)
2

Apr 5 — Purchased Goods on Credit from Ramesh Traders ₹30,000

Credit purchase — Purchases A/c Dr., Ramesh Traders A/c Cr.

5 Apr
Logic: Goods aaye (Purchases A/c Dr.) lekin paisa baad mein dena hai — Ramesh Traders Creditor ban gaye (Cr. — Liability increase hui). Cash A/c bilkul affected nahi — yeh credit purchase hai.
Purchases A/c = Nominal → Expense → Debit
Ramesh Traders A/c = Personal (Creditor) → Liability badhti hai → Credit
Ramesh Traders A/c: Cr. side → “By Purchases A/c ₹30,000” (credit pe goods liye, ab paisa dena hai)
ParticularsL.F.Dr. (₹)Cr. (₹)
Purchases A/c Nominal30,000—
Ramesh Traders A/c Personal—30,000
(Being goods purchased on credit from M/s Ramesh Traders — credit pe kharida, baad mein paisa dena hai)
3

Apr 12 — Paid Part Payment to Ramesh Traders by Cash ₹10,000

Payment to creditor — Ramesh Traders A/c Dr., Cash A/c Cr.

12 Apr
Logic: Ramesh Traders ko cash diya — unki liability kam hui (Dr. — Personal A/c, liability reduce). Cash gaya (Cash A/c Cr. — Real, asset kam hua). Sirf ₹10,000 diya — ₹20,000 abhi bhi baaki hai (Balance c/d).
Ramesh Traders A/c = Personal (Creditor) → Liability decrease → Debit
Cash A/c = Real → Asset decrease → Credit
Cash A/c: Cr. side → “By Ramesh Traders A/c ₹10,000” | Ramesh Traders A/c: Dr. side → “To Cash A/c ₹10,000”
ParticularsL.F.Dr. (₹)Cr. (₹)
Ramesh Traders A/c Personal10,000—
Cash A/c Real—10,000
(Being part payment made to Ramesh Traders by cash — ₹20,000 abhi bhi payable hai)

📄 Step 2 — All 3 Ledger Accounts Posted

💵 Cash A/c Real Account — Dr. = Cash IN | Cr. = Cash OUT
Dr. (Receipts) Cr. (Payments)
Date Particulars J.F. ₹ Date Particulars J.F. ₹
— (No cash received in this example) — — Apr 2 By Purchases A/c
Goods cash se kharida, paisa gaya		 ✓ 20,000
Apr 12 By Ramesh Traders A/c
Creditor ko cash diya		 ✓ 10,000
30,000 By Balance c/d —
Total 30,000 Total 30,000
⚠️ Note: Cash A/c mein is example mein koi receipt (Dr. side) nahi hai — sirf payments hain. Agar starting balance hota to Dr. side mein “To Balance b/d” hota. Total = ₹30,000 dono sides.
🤝 Ramesh Traders A/c (Creditors A/c) Personal Account — Liability
Dr. (Payment Made to Ramesh) Cr. (Goods received on Credit)
Date Particulars J.F. ₹ Date Particulars J.F. ₹
Apr 12 To Cash A/c
Creditor ko cash diya		 ✓ 10,000 Apr 5 By Purchases A/c
Credit pe goods liye, ab paisa dena hai		 ✓ 30,000
To Balance c/d
Abhi bhi ₹20,000 payable hai		 20,000
Total 30,000 Total 30,000
Next period By Balance b/d
Opening payable next period		 20,000
📦 Purchases A/c Nominal Account — Always Dr. (Expense)
Dr. (Purchases — Always Debit) Cr. (Closed to P&L at year end)
Date Particulars J.F. ₹ Date Particulars J.F. ₹
Apr 2 To Cash A/c
Goods cash mein kharida		 ✓ 20,000 — (Purchases A/c has no Cr. entries — closed to P&L at year end) —
Apr 5 To Ramesh Traders A/c
Goods credit pe kharida		 ✓ 30,000
Total 50,000 Total 50,000
📌 Note: Purchases A/c = Nominal A/c — iska balance P&L (Trading Account) ke Dr. side mein transfer hota hai year end pe. Isliye iska closing balance yahan nahi dikhta — directly P&L mein jaata hai.

⚖️ Closing Balances — All 3 Accounts

💵

Cash A/c Balance

₹30,000 Cr.

Paid out: ₹20K + ₹10K = ₹30K

Needs opening Dr. balance

🤝

Ramesh Traders A/c

₹20,000 Cr.

Bought ₹30K, Paid ₹10K → Still owe ₹20K

Credit Balance = Liability (payable)

📦

Purchases A/c

₹50,000 Dr.

Cash ₹20K + Credit ₹30K

→ P&L Dr. side at year end

💡

Credit Purchase vs Cash Purchase — Key Difference in Ledger

Cash Purchase (Apr 2): Cash A/c Cr. (paisa gaya) + Purchases A/c Dr. — 2 accounts affected.
Credit Purchase (Apr 5): Ramesh Traders A/c Cr. (liability badhti hai) + Purchases A/c Dr. — Cash A/c bilkul nahi aaya!
Payment to Creditor (Apr 12): Ramesh Traders A/c Dr. (liability kam hoti hai) + Cash A/c Cr. — Purchases A/c not affected!

⚠️

Common Mistakes

1. Credit Purchase mein Cash A/c credit karna: Credit purchase mein Cash A/c NAHI aata — sirf Purchases Dr. aur Creditor Cr.
2. Payment to Creditor mein Purchases Dr. karna: Payment = Creditor Dr. + Cash Cr. — Purchases A/c dobara Dr. mat karo!
3. Ramesh Traders balance bhool jaana: ₹10,000 diya lekin ₹30,000 liya tha — ₹20,000 abhi bhi payable hai (Balance c/d).

🔗

Connection with Previous Days

Day 15 (Ledger Format): Aaj teeno accounts usi format mein banaye — Date, Particulars, J.F., Amount.
Day 16 (Balancing): Ramesh Traders A/c ko balance kiya — ₹20,000 Balance c/d, phir b/d next period.
Day 17 (Full Practical): Wahan Cash A/c ka full practical tha — aaj Cash A/c partial hai (sirf payments), Purchases aur Creditors add hue.

📊 Quick Summary — All 3 Ledger Accounts

AccountTypeDr. EntriesCr. EntriesBalance
Cash A/cReal— (no receipts)₹20K (Purchases) + ₹10K (Ramesh) = ₹30K₹30,000 Cr.
Purchases A/cNominal₹20K (Cash) + ₹30K (Ramesh) = ₹50K— (closed to P&L)₹50,000 Dr. → P&L
Ramesh Traders A/cPersonal (Creditor)₹10K (Cash) + ₹20K (Bal c/d) = ₹30K₹30K (Purchases on credit)₹20,000 Cr. (still payable)
← Day 17: Ledger Part 3 All Days →

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